雷达图#

用途与概念#

radar 为每个类别指定角度和各自的数值范围，再将各项归一化到共同物理半径。它适合比较多指标形状，不保证不同量纲具有相同意义。

最小完整示例#

此文件包含画布及必要定义，可直接运行 laymesh validate 或 laymesh render，不依赖前文未声明的变量。

1# Minimal complete example: plot2page=canvas(size=(100mm,75mm),background="#ffffff")3p=plot(size=(86mm,62mm),x=axis(range=(0,4)),y=axis(range=(0,5)))4p.line(x=[0,1,2,3],y=[1,2,4,3],label="Signal")5page.add(p,offset=(7mm,6mm))

# Minimal complete example: plot
page=canvas(size=(100mm,75mm),background="#ffffff")
p=plot(size=(86mm,62mm),x=axis(range=(0,4)),y=axis(range=(0,5)))
p.line(x=[0,1,2,3],y=[1,2,4,3],label="Signal")
page.add(p,offset=(7mm,6mm))

1# Minimal complete example: plot2page=canvas(size=(100mm,75mm),background="#ffffff")3p=plot(size=(86mm,62mm),x=axis(range=(0,4)),y=axis(range=(0,5)))4p.line(x=[0,1,2,3],y=[1,2,4,3],label="Signal")5page.add(p,offset=(7mm,6mm))

# Minimal complete example: plot
page=canvas(size=(100mm,75mm),background="#ffffff")
p=plot(size=(86mm,62mm),x=axis(range=(0,4)),y=axis(range=(0,5)))
p.line(x=[0,1,2,3],y=[1,2,4,3],label="Signal")
page.add(p,offset=(7mm,6mm))

依赖文件

examples/manual/plot.lay

参数与默认行为#

裸几何长度使用画布单位，裸字号和描边宽度使用 pt。显式调用参数优先于继承和主题默认值；下面的接口参考逐项列出允许类型、可选值与默认来源。

组合用法#

categories 与 ranges 显式匹配，使用 closed=true 的 line 或 area 连接首尾。原始数据锚点可选 category/value，标签用 categories 或独立文本。

2page=canvas(size=(238 mm,126 mm),background="#ffffff")3s=plot_style(font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=7 pt)4p=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,5       categories=["Strength","Density","Cost","Temperature","Life"],6       category_labels=["Strength (MPa)","Density", "Cost", "Temperature (C)","Life"],7       ranges=[(0,1000),(0,10),(0,100),(-50,150),(0,100)],r=axis(ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))8a=p.area(values=[800,6,40,70,80],fill="#264b69",color="#264b69",opacity=0.18,label="Material A")9b=p.area(values=[600,4,70,120,65],fill="#b46c50",color="#b46c50",opacity=0.18,label="Material B")10p.line(values=[800,6,40,70,80],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")11p.line(values=[600,4,70,120,65],marker= triangle,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#b46c50")12c=page.add(p,offset=(2 mm,0 mm))13page.add(text(content="(a) Explicit ranges, original units",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(12 mm,5 mm))14q=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,categories=["A","B","C","D","E"],radar_frame="circle",r=axis(range=(0,1),ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))15q.area(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],fill="#264b69",opacity=0.18)16q.line(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")17d=page.add(q,offset=(120 mm,0 mm))18page.add(text(content="(b) Common scale / circular frame",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(128 mm,5 mm))19page.add(legend(layers=[a,b],columns=2,style=s),offset=(78 mm,108 mm))

page=canvas(size=(238 mm,126 mm),background="#ffffff")
s=plot_style(font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=7 pt)
p=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,
       categories=["Strength","Density","Cost","Temperature","Life"],
       category_labels=["Strength (MPa)","Density", "Cost", "Temperature (C)","Life"],
       ranges=[(0,1000),(0,10),(0,100),(-50,150),(0,100)],r=axis(ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))
a=p.area(values=[800,6,40,70,80],fill="#264b69",color="#264b69",opacity=0.18,label="Material A")
b=p.area(values=[600,4,70,120,65],fill="#b46c50",color="#b46c50",opacity=0.18,label="Material B")
p.line(values=[800,6,40,70,80],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")
p.line(values=[600,4,70,120,65],marker= triangle,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#b46c50")
c=page.add(p,offset=(2 mm,0 mm))
page.add(text(content="(a) Explicit ranges, original units",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(12 mm,5 mm))
q=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,categories=["A","B","C","D","E"],radar_frame="circle",r=axis(range=(0,1),ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))
q.area(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],fill="#264b69",opacity=0.18)
q.line(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")
d=page.add(q,offset=(120 mm,0 mm))
page.add(text(content="(b) Common scale / circular frame",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(128 mm,5 mm))
page.add(legend(layers=[a,b],columns=2,style=s),offset=(78 mm,108 mm))

1# BEGIN DEMO2page=canvas(size=(238 mm,126 mm),background="#ffffff")3s=plot_style(font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=7 pt)4p=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,5       categories=["Strength","Density","Cost","Temperature","Life"],6       category_labels=["Strength (MPa)","Density", "Cost", "Temperature (C)","Life"],7       ranges=[(0,1000),(0,10),(0,100),(-50,150),(0,100)],r=axis(ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))8a=p.area(values=[800,6,40,70,80],fill="#264b69",color="#264b69",opacity=0.18,label="Material A")9b=p.area(values=[600,4,70,120,65],fill="#b46c50",color="#b46c50",opacity=0.18,label="Material B")10p.line(values=[800,6,40,70,80],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")11p.line(values=[600,4,70,120,65],marker= triangle,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#b46c50")12c=page.add(p,offset=(2 mm,0 mm))13page.add(text(content="(a) Explicit ranges, original units",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(12 mm,5 mm))14q=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,categories=["A","B","C","D","E"],radar_frame="circle",r=axis(range=(0,1),ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))15q.area(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],fill="#264b69",opacity=0.18)16q.line(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")17d=page.add(q,offset=(120 mm,0 mm))18page.add(text(content="(b) Common scale / circular frame",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(128 mm,5 mm))19page.add(legend(layers=[a,b],columns=2,style=s),offset=(78 mm,108 mm))20# END DEMO

# BEGIN DEMO
page=canvas(size=(238 mm,126 mm),background="#ffffff")
s=plot_style(font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=7 pt)
p=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,
       categories=["Strength","Density","Cost","Temperature","Life"],
       category_labels=["Strength (MPa)","Density", "Cost", "Temperature (C)","Life"],
       ranges=[(0,1000),(0,10),(0,100),(-50,150),(0,100)],r=axis(ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))
a=p.area(values=[800,6,40,70,80],fill="#264b69",color="#264b69",opacity=0.18,label="Material A")
b=p.area(values=[600,4,70,120,65],fill="#b46c50",color="#b46c50",opacity=0.18,label="Material B")
p.line(values=[800,6,40,70,80],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")
p.line(values=[600,4,70,120,65],marker= triangle,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#b46c50")
c=page.add(p,offset=(2 mm,0 mm))
page.add(text(content="(a) Explicit ranges, original units",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(12 mm,5 mm))
q=plot(projection= radar,size=(115 mm,110 mm),plot_area=box(offset=(25 mm, 25 mm), size=(64 mm, 64 mm)),style=s,categories=["A","B","C","D","E"],radar_frame="circle",r=axis(range=(0,1),ticks=[0.5,1],grid= major,tick_font_size=5 pt))
q.area(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],fill="#264b69",opacity=0.18)
q.line(values=[0.8,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.8],marker= diamond,marker_size=1.5 mm,color="#264b69")
d=page.add(q,offset=(120 mm,0 mm))
page.add(text(content="(b) Common scale / circular frame",font_family="DejaVu Sans",font_size=9 pt),offset=(128 mm,5 mm))
page.add(legend(layers=[a,b],columns=2,style=s),offset=(78 mm,108 mm))
# END DEMO

依赖文件

examples/plot/radar.lay

常见错误与限制#

类别顺序不会自动重排。每条数据数量必须与类别数量一致，范围须有效且值在可见范围内。不要把极坐标连续 theta 查询当作类别索引。

逐项功能说明#

详细行为与补充示例#

参数#

参数	用途	默认或要求
`categories`	类别及顺序	显式指定
`range`	径向数据范围	线性、非反向

常见用法#

至少三个唯一类别按输入顺序等角排列，默认上方开始、顺时针；category_labels 可提供等长的字符串/文字/公式。radar_frame="polygon|circle" 默认为 polygon，网格与类别射线对齐。支持 line/scatter/area(values=...)，线和面积默认闭合，类别间采用直线。

省略 ranges 时所有类别共用 r.range，未指定时由全部系列共同确定；不会分别归一化每个系列。显式 ranges 与共同 r.range 二选一，按每个指标的原始范围线性归一化；此时 r.ticks 使用 0–1 的共同位置，但文字显示各指标的原始值。独立范围下使用 offset 时，每条指标射线显示自己的倍率。原始负值在有效范围内正常显示，不翻转类别方向。超出显式范围时报错；缺失值断线，并取消该系列封闭面积。

a.data(category=...,value=...) 使用原始值；a.axis(name=类别,anchor=...) 引用对应射线。雷达图使用线性、非反向尺度，不使用 theta 轴、内孔或断轴。

限制与相关主题#

投影与径向轴 · 极坐标图层